Definition of the pathology
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty plaques in the arteries.
These plaques, composed of lipids, cholesterol, and cellular debris, narrow the arteries.
Arterial narrowing reduces blood flow, affecting the oxygen supply to organs.
It can affect any artery in the body, but often affects the heart, brain, and limbs.
Atherosclerosis progresses slowly and often becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage.
Causes of atherosclerosis
A diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol promotes the accumulation of plaques in the arteries.
Smoking damages the arterial wall, facilitating the formation of atheromatous plaques.
High blood pressure contributes to arterial damage, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
Diabetes disrupts lipid metabolism, accelerating plaque deposition in the arteries.
A genetic predisposition can also increase the risk of developing this disease.
Risk factors
Aging is a major risk factor for this disease, increasing with age.
A family history of cardiovascular diseases increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
A sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation, increasing the risk of plaque formation. Obesity, especially abdominal, is closely linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis.
A diet high in salt, sugar, and saturated fats promotes the onset of this pathology.
Symptoms of atherosclerosis
This medical condition can be asymptomatic for many years.
When the coronary arteries are affected, it causes angina or chest pain. In the lower limbs, it can lead to intermittent claudication, pain during walking.
If it affects the carotid arteries, it increases the risk of strokes (CVA).
Advanced atherosclerosis can lead to heart attacks, strokes, or kidney failure.
Radiological imaging
Angiography allows visualization of plaques in the arteries and assessment of the degree of stenosis.
Doppler ultrasound evaluates blood flow and detects narrowing in peripheral arteries.
CT and MRI provide detailed images of atheromatous plaques.
X-rays can show arterial calcifications, a sign of advanced atherosclerosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to assess cerebral arteries.
Prevention of atherosclerosis
Adopt a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Engage in regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and a healthy heart.
Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption to protect your arteries.
Monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol levels to prevent atherosclerosis.
Regularly consult a doctor to evaluate and manage risk factors.
Conclusion
Atherosclerosis is a serious but preventable disease with appropriate preventive measures.
Early diagnosis and rigorous management of risk factors improve prognosis.
Lifestyle changes can slow the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent its complications.
Regular medical follow-up is essential to detect and treat this condition at an early stage.
Acting early is key to reducing the risks associated with this pathology and protecting cardiovascular health.
Source: UpToDate